Does language limit our understanding of the world?
I think it does, but I also think that other factors like context and knowledge limit our understanding of the world.
If we read a story about a man who belongs to the guerrilla, but we're not specified which guerrilla, and we are not from the country the author is writing about, or we know nothing of the history of that country, our understanding of the story will probably be limited. In this case our language is not the limitation because the language is one we understand and it enables us to understand the anecdote of the story, but the limitation of our context and knowledge is what hinders us from understanding a deeper meaning or an occult message in the story.
An example of how language might limit our understanding of the world is a scientific journal. Our year 12 education does not enable us to have an advanced and complex scientific vocabulary, which makes reading a science journal a difficult task. If the language in the journal goes beyond our mastery of scientific terms then we will never fully comprehend the text we are reading, which is an example of how language limits our understanding of the world.